Oscillation generator and method



Oct. 20, 1931. F. A. KOLSTER ET AL 1,823,705

'\ OSCILLATION GENERATOR AND METHOD 1 Filed Oct. so, 1928 A TTORNE Y5.

stantially no external direct coupling is afforded between circuits 17 and 22, feed back of energy from the output circuit to the input circuit of the relay occurs through the plate- 5 cathode capacitance 26. In most electron relays of modern construction, the plate-cathode capacitance is considerably less than the grid plate capacitance, due chiefly to the fact that the grid is positioned bet-ween the oathode rand thepl-a-te, Therefore, changes in the physical operating conditions of the relay, as for example, a change in the temperature of the electrodes, causes a considerably less percentage change in the plate-cathode capacitance than in the grid-plate or the grid-cathode capacitance, Furthermore, a change in theipotential of the plate exciting circuit will not cause'anappreciable change in the plateserioujs change in thereaction between the injput and output circuits, Due to these factors and possibly also due to other effects which we have'not discovered, the oscillation generator of ourinvention will generate oscillations of practically constant frequency at extremely low wave lengths, say in the neighborhood of from 3 to 20 meters. V

' Wehave'found that in making connections betweentunedcircuit 22 and the relay, it is and for this purpose we have shown a tap 27 011 in'ductancef23 for connection to grid 13;

By adjustment of tap 27 to a certain intermediate position on inductance 23, which can be readily determined by experiment for any one relay arrangement, the, generator can be made to operate at optimum e'fficiency. Variation of this tap servesto properly control the'potentia'ls upon the relay grid and in ad-- ltion serves as means for adjusting the relative'magnitudes and phase relations of currents in the circuits. Toa'iford further means for'adj ustment, a tap 28 can be provided upon thfeinductance 18. It is also characteristic of our invention that'the electron relay can be operated with a good eflic iency at'practically zero grid bias. Thus as'shown in Fig. 1 a direct conductive connection- 0f comparatively low resistance is 5 providedbetween the grid and the cathode of the relay. In the past it has been found difiicult toiproperly operate an electron relay with "zero grid "bias, due tooverheating of theig c d and plate. With 'our'circuit arrangementthe feed back is of proper amount and is of such a controlled character that the relay isnot'operated beyond saturation on relatively short wave lengths, andtherefore the grid currents are notso excessive as to cause over- 'hea ting, .1 v r With the "apparatus as described above, tuning of the grid-anode'circuit 17 is effected "by'varying condenser '19. In practice condenser 19 can be reduced to zero and the cir- 9 cuit tuned by varying condenser 21. In this cathode capacitance and will not produce a rated, so that theeflect of standing preferable'tofprovide a coupling adjustment,

of different case circuit 17 is completed thru the gridanode capacitance of the relay.

In Fig. 2 we have shown a modification of our oscillation generatorsin which the oscillation circuit connected between the grid and plate of the relay utilizes the distributed inductance and capacitance of one or more extended conductors in spaced parallel relationship and having corresponding ends connected to the grid and plateof the relay 1-0. The distributed capacitance and inductance of conductors 31 and32, supplemented in part by the grid-plate"capacitance of the relay, forms one oscillatory circuit similar to circuit 1 7; of-Fig. -1,while the other tuned circuit 22 is connected between the grid 13 and the cathode 11'. Preferably conduct0rs 31 and 32' are slightlyflonger than one-quarter wave length of the oscillations beingigeners waves "is 8 produced. Curves 1 and 2 represent the p0: tential distribution for conductors 31 and 32. and it is to be noted that nodal points a and?) fall relatively close to the electrodes of relay 10. With such potential distribution, rela- 9 tively high potentials are built up uponthe outer ends'of conductors 31 and 32, but the electrodes of the relay are subject to rela-' tively low potentials.

Another arrangement for producing the 9? effect of standing waves upon conductors isshown in Fig. 3. The oscillation generator of this figure is similar to that of Fig. ,1, except that an inductive element '33 of an extended conductor 34 is coupled to the tuned Z 9 circuit 17. Conductor "34 preferably has an effective length equal to one-half wave length of the oscillatory energy generated, and the potential distribution which can be secured is indicated by curve 3. The potential nodal 195 point fallswithin the inductive element '33.

We claim:

1. Anoscillation generator comprising an electron relay having grid, anode, and cathode electrodes, a closed reactive circuit having e l points of'diiferent'potential thereof connected to the grid and anode of the relay, and another closed reactive circuit having points of different potential connected tothe grid and cathode; '7 o 1. 2. An oscillationgenerator comprising an electron relay having grid,anode and oath-- ode electrodes, a closed reactive circuit having points of different potential thereof con-, nected to the grid and anode of the relay, and 1 another closed reactive circuit having points potential connected to the grid and cathode, saidlast named circuit forming a low resistance path fordirectcurrent between said grid andsaid'c'athode.

3. An oscillation generator comprising an electron relay having grid, anode and cathode electrodes, a closed reactive circuit having points of different potential-thereof con- .nected to the grid and anode,an ano'decath P reactive circuit connected to the grid and cathode, said circuits being so related and i adjusted-that positive feed back, of energy between the circuits is provided by the plate cathode capacitance of therelay. v 1

4;. An oscillation generator comprising an j I tance inserted between electron relay having grid, anode and cathode electrodes, a closed reactive circuit hav 7 ing points of different potential thereof connectedto the grid and anode, an anode-cathode circuit including a source of current for energizing said anode, and another closed reactive circuit connected to the grid-and cathode, said circuits being sorelated. and adjusted that positive feed back of energy between the circuits is provided by the plate cathode capacitance of the'relay, said other I circuit forniinga connection of low resistance for direct current and cathode. V

v 5 An oscillation generator comprising an 'electronrelay having grid, anode and cathode elements, a reactive circuit having inducwe and capacitative elements in shunt 0011- I nected across the grid and'cathode, another reactive circuit having inductive and capacitative elements in shunt connected across the 0 grid and anode, said circuits being adjusted to be oppositely reactive whereby when in conjunction with intercoupling anode-cathode capacitance of the relaya condition of resonance is formed, said circuits having'sufoscillations of a said condition of resonance.

between said grid ficient intercoupling to efiect generation of a frequency determined by ent capacity between cathodeand anode for the feedback necessary to produce oscillationsr 8. An oscillator comprising avacuum tube an anode, anda control having a cathode,

cillation generator depending upon the inherelectrode, a major frequency determining cirv cuit comprising a capacitance andan inducthe grid and anode, determining circuit besaid major frequency ing shunted by paths ins'eries, one of said paths shunting the 75 I, two capacitively reactive cathode and anode and constituted solely by 1 the inherent cathode-anode capacity of the tube and the other shunting the cathode and grid andincludingan inductance and capac: g

ity in parallel.

set our hands; a a

FREDERICK A. KOLSTER.

6. An oscillation generator comprising an electron relay having grid, anode and cathode elements, a reactive circuit having induc tive and capacitative elements in shunt connected across the grid and anode, another reactive circuit hav ng inductive and capacitative elements in shunt connected across the a grid and cathode, said circuits being adjusted to be oppositely reactive whereby when in conjunction with intercoupling anode-cathode capacitance of the relaya condition of resonance is formed, said circuits having sufficient intercoupling to effect generation of oscillations of a frequency determined by said condition of resonance, said grid cathode circuit forming a-patli of lowresistance for direct current between said grid and cathode;

vacuum tube having a cathode, an anode, and a control electrode, a closed oscillatory circuit tuned slightly above the frequency of oscillation, and having two points at different potential thereon connected to the grid and to the anode, respectively, a second circuit inserted between the cathode and grid,

7. An'oscillation generator comprising a comprising inductance and capacity in parallel and havingsubstantial capacitive reactance at the oscillation frequency, said os- In testimony whereofl have}1 h' t v,

v v GEOFFREY GOTTLIEB KRUESI. 

